Brief history and development in science. Research defined; types of research - quantitative (mainly bio-physical) and qualitative (mainly socio-economic), elements of research, research problem identification, formulating study objectives, research hypothesis, formulation of research hypothesis, types and characteristics of research hypothesis, and testing of hypothesis. Methodology and steps in research design, components in experimental design, research data collection, analysis and report writing.
Review the principal research models, principles, methodologies, and skills, and assessing their validity for particular projects and research types. The sections of research report: introduction, review of literature, materials and methods, results and discussions and conclusions. Writing the different sections of the research report, adopting different language, citation and information conventions appropriate to each section. Writing the abstract, attribution of sources, foot notes and referencing. Presentation of graphs, tables and figures. Writing acknowledgements, and tables. Tailor scientific writing to thesis, proposals, reports, and journal and conference papers writing. Scientific editing.
