Gullan, P. J., Cranston, P. S., An outline of entomology, Chapman and Hall, London, UK, 1994.
Henty, E. E., Pritchard, G. H., Papua New Guinea weeds and their control, Botany Bulletin No. 7 Department of Forestry Division of Botany, Lae, 1975.
Lavabre, E. M., Weed control. The tropical agriculturalist, CTA/Macmillan, London, UK, 1991.
Zimdahl, R. L., Fundamentals of weed science, Academic Press, New York, USA, 1993.